Exploring Phenolic Diversity in Quercus coccifera L. Roots: HPLC-DAD Profiling and Mathematical Optimization through Response Surface Methodology

Authors

Keywords:

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7011-3965

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the effects and proportions of different extraction methods and phenolic compounds in extracts from the root of Quercus coccifera L. (QcRE). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) was used for mathematical modeling and optimization (MMO) using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimization aimed to maximize the phenolic compounds identified as Syringic acid (Sy-Ac), Gallic acid (GA), Fumaric acid (FA), Catechin (Ctc), Caffeic acid (Cf-Ac), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (Hyb-Ac), and Catechin hydrate (Ctc-Hyd). The Design Expert program was used for RSM, with the conventional extraction duration (30-120 minutes) as an independent variable. The best-predicted extraction parameter (Prd-90 min) was compared with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The optimal extraction duration for conventional extraction was determined to be 90 minutes, with low deviation rates between real and predicted results (0.191% to 4.67%). The desirability value in the optimization was high at 0.973. In comparison, the highest yield was observed in Prd-90, followed by MAE and ASE. While the Sy-Ac results were similar across methods, GA was highest only in Prd-90. For other phenolic compounds, ASE showed the highest levels, decreasing for MAE and Prd-90. The study found that extraction durations significantly affected phenolic compound components. The RSM model statistics indicated that only the Ex-Yld conformed to the criteria for a suitable model, with the cubic and quadratic models selected as optimal. The study highlighted the importance of extraction duration in the optimization process, noting that prolonged exposure to heat could degrade phenolic compounds. The response surface plots showed 90 minutes as the optimal extraction duration for most phenolic compounds, though some compounds had optimal durations of 52.5 minutes. The study concluded that extraction conditions significantly impact the yield and composition of phenolic compounds in QcRE.

References

Alma, M. H., Karaogul, E., Ertas, M., Altuntas, E., Karaman, S., & Diraz, E. (2012). Chemical composition of seed oil from Turkish Prunus mahaleb L. Analytical Chemistry Letters, 2(3), 182-185.

Başyiğit, B., Sağlam, H., Hayoğlu, İ., & Karaaslan, M. (2021). Spectroscopic (LC-ESI-MS/MS, FT-IR, NMR) and functional characterization of fruit seed oils extracted with green technology: A comparative study with Prunus cerasus and Punica granatum oils. 45(5), e15451.

Hamad, H. O., Alma, M. H., Gulcin, I., Yilmaz, M. A., & Karaogul, E. (2017). Evaluation of Phenolic Contents and Bioactivity of Root and Nutgall Extracts from Iraqian Quercus infectoria Olivier. Records of Natural Products, 11(2), 205-210.

Hayoğlu, İ., & Toğrul, Ö. (2020). Yeni bir izotonik içecek olarak; nar, kızılcık ve karadut suları ile zenginleştirilmiş elma suyu üretim olanakları. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(2), 165-173.

Hepsağ, F., Gölge, Ö., & Hayoğlu, İ. (2016). Effect of Genotypes on Chemical and Physical Properties of Mulberry. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 44(3), 225-231.

Karaogul, E., & Alma, M. H. (2018). Enzimatik, asidik ve sulu ekstraksiyon metotları ile çiriş (Asphodelus aestivus Brot.) yumrularının HPLC ile şeker kompozisyonları. Ormancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 5(1), 64-73.

Karaogul, E., Kirecci, E., & Alma, M. H. (2016). Determination of Phenolic Compounds from Turkish Kermes Oak (Quercus coccifera L.) Roots by High Performance Liquid Chromatography; Its Antimicrobial Activities. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(7), 2356-2363.

Karaogul, E., & Nedjip, G. (2024). Mathematical Modelling on Extraction Types and Characterizations of Olea europaea Leaves; Their Antioxidant Performance in Bio-actives and Phenolic Profile by LC-MS/MS.

Karaoğul, E., Altuntas, E., & Alma, M. H. (2017). Classification and Quantitative Analysis of Tannins In Quercus Species. Harran University Journal of Engineering, 03, 17-24.

KaraoĞUl, E., Hayoğlu, İ., Cicek, A., Tascanov, M. B., Tanrıverdi, Z., Cicek, S., & Hayoglu, B. (2021). Foods That Improving the Immune System against Covid-19 and Its Infectiousness: Foods against Covid-19 and Its Infectiousness. International Journal of Current Medical and Biological Sciences, 1(2), 58-68.

Komut, O. (2019). Odun dışı orman ürünlerine ilişkin paydaş farkındalığı: Orman köylüsü örneği. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 110-117.

Koyuncu, İ., Gönel, A., Temiz, E., Karaoğul, E., & Uyar, Z. (2021). Pistachio Green Hull Extract Induces Apoptosis through Multiple Signaling Pathways by Causing Oxidative Stress on Colon Cancer Cells. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry- Anti-Cancer Agents), 21(6), 725-737.

Martínez-Ferri, E., Manrique, E., Valladares, F., & Balaguer, L. (2004). Winter photoinhibition in the field involves different processes in four co-occurring Mediterranean tree species. Tree Physiol, 24(9), 981-990.

Nedjip, G., & Karaogul, E. (2021). ADSORPTIVE BUBBLE SEPARATION METHODS (ABSM): FOAM FRACTION. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT NATURALSCIENCE AND ADVANCED PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 1(1), 27-43.

Takhtajan, A. (1986). Floristic Regions of the World. University of California Press. Berkeley, 522.

Ugurtay, A., & Karaogul, E. (2022). ANTIOXIDANT, PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID PROPERTIES OF THYME (Thymbra spicata) JUICE AND EXTRACTION. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT NATURALSCIENCE AND ADVANCED PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 2(1), 22-28.

Verep, D., Ates, S., & Karaogul, E. (2023). A Review of Extraction Methods for Obtaining Bioactive Compounds in Plant-Based Raw Materials. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(3), 492-513.

Yıldırım, A. (2021). Moisture diffusivity, hardness, gelatinization temperature, and thermodynamic properties of ultrasound assisted soaking process of cowpea. 44(11), e13863.

Yıldırım, A. (2022). Influence of temperature, ultrasound, and variety on moisture diffusivity and thermodynamic properties of some durum wheat varieties during hydration. 46(4), e16463.

Yıldırım, A., Bayram, M., & Öner, M. (2014). HYDRATION KINETICS OF ULTRASOUND TREATED CHICKPEAS (Cider arietinum L.) DURING SOAKING. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(4), 26-35.

Yildirim, A., Öner, M. D., & Bayram, M. (2011). Fitting Fick’s model to analyze water diffusion into chickpeas during soaking with ultrasound treatment. Journal of Food Engineering, 104(1), 134-142.

Yildirm, A. (2017). Hydration kinetics of some durum and bread wheat varieties grown in south-eastern region of turkey. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 39(5), 743-751.

Yilmaz, B., Deniz, İ., Fazli, H., Bekircan, O., Pranovich, A., & Karaoğul, E. (2024). Sustainable Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Production from Natural Modified Rosins. Bioresources, 19(2), 2160-2178.

Yucegnul, G., & Karaogul, E. (2021). PHYSIOLOGICAL, ETNOBOTANICAL, BIOLOGICAL and MEDICAL PROPERTIES of KEME (Terfezia claveryi Chatin) MUSHROOM. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT NATURALSCIENCE AND ADVANCED PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 1(1), 19-26.

Yusoff, I. M., Mat Taher, Z., Rahmat, Z., & Chua, L. S. (2022). A review of ultrasound-assisted extraction for plant bioactive compounds: Phenolics, flavonoids, thymols, saponins and proteins. Food Res Int, 157, 111268.

Published

2024-08-01

How to Cite

KARAOGUL, E., & ALMA, M. H. (2024). Exploring Phenolic Diversity in Quercus coccifera L. Roots: HPLC-DAD Profiling and Mathematical Optimization through Response Surface Methodology. International Journal of Current Naturalscience and Advanced Phytochemistry, 4(1). Retrieved from https://www.ijcnap.com/index.php/pub/article/view/25

Issue

Section

Articles